{"id":22,"date":"2018-07-10T17:51:30","date_gmt":"2018-07-10T17:51:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.iimassociation.com\/journals\/?page_id=22"},"modified":"2023-03-15T08:47:54","modified_gmt":"2023-03-15T08:47:54","slug":"islamic-management-and-leadership-sub-page-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.iimassociation.com\/journals\/islamic-management-and-leadership-sub-page-4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 Author Guidelines JIML"},"content":{"rendered":"

Scroll down for Arabic…..<\/span><\/em>\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Review process of JIML<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Journal of Islamic Management and Leadership (JIML) follows a rigorous peer review process to ensure the quality and rigor of the articles it publishes. The peer review process of JIE ensures that the articles published in the journal are of high quality and meet the standards of the academic community. It also helps in maintaining the integrity and credibility of the research published in the journal.<\/p>\n

The peer review process of JIML involves the following steps:<\/p>\n

Initial Evaluation<\/strong>: The submitted manuscript is first reviewed by the editorial team to ensure that it meets the scope and requirements of the journal. If the manuscript is deemed unsuitable, it may be rejected at this stage without further review.<\/p>\n

Assigning Reviewers<\/strong>: If the manuscript passes the initial evaluation, it is assigned to two or more reviewers who have expertise in the relevant field. The reviewers are selected based on their expertise, reputation, and availability.<\/p>\n

Reviewing Process<\/strong>: The reviewers then evaluate the manuscript in detail and provide feedback on the quality, relevance, originality, and significance of the research. They also check the manuscript for errors in methodology, data analysis, and presentation.<\/p>\n

Decision Making<\/strong>: Based on the feedback provided by the reviewers, the editor-in-chief makes a decision about the manuscript. The decision may be acceptance, minor revision, major revision, or rejection. In cases where there is a disagreement between the reviewers, the editor may seek the opinion of additional reviewers.<\/p>\n

Revisions<\/strong>: If the manuscript requires revision, the authors are asked to revise the manuscript according to the feedback provided by the reviewers. The revised manuscript is then sent back to the reviewers for further evaluation.<\/p>\n

Final Decision<\/strong>: Once the reviewers are satisfied with the quality of the manuscript, the editor-in-chief makes the final decision on acceptance. The decision is communicated to the authors, along with the reviewers’ comments and feedback.<\/p>\n

Author Guidelines<\/strong><\/p>\n

The papers submitted to the journal are subject to evaluation according to the applicable rules.<\/p>\n

Papers are accepted in Arabic only.<\/p>\n

Submitted papers must include an Abstract, Keywords, and title in English.<\/p>\n

Scientific principles and established rules must be followed.<\/p>\n

Sources and references should be written at the end of the research.<\/p>\n

The submitted research should not exceed thirty pages of normal size (A4).<\/p>\n

The research has not been previously published in any way, or has been sent for publication in another journal, and the researcher undertakes to do so in writing.<\/p>\n

The researcher is obligated not to send his research to any other party for publication until he receives the journal’s response.<\/p>\n

The researcher is obligated to revise the research according to the review reports sent to him, and to provide the journal with an amended copy within a period not exceeding 30 days.<\/p>\n

The researcher may not request that his research not be published after it has been sent for review, except for reasons that the editorial board is convinced of.<\/p>\n

The sources and references must be verified at the end of the research<\/p>\n

The research is accompanied by a brief biography of the researcher, which includes his name, academic degree, specialization, job, and the entity he works for, and his full address, including the postal address, phone numbers, and e-mail.<\/p>\n

The research is accompanied by an abstract in both Arabic and English, with each summary not less than (200) words and not more than (300) words.<\/p>\n

The owners of the incoming research shall be notified of its arrival in the journal within a week of its receipt.<\/p>\n

The authors of the research papers shall be notified of the decision regarding their suitability for publication or not within a period not exceeding three months from the date of their arrival to the editorial board.<\/p>\n

The decisions of the editorial board regarding research submitted to the journal are final, and the board reserves the right not to provide justifications for its decisions.<\/p>\n

General Format Guidelines:<\/strong><\/p>\n

The body of the text, Traditional Arabic, is normal (size 16).<\/p>\n

Margin text Traditional Arabic plain (size 12) (please avoid using margins)<\/p>\n

Headliners Traditional Arabic Black (size 14).<\/p>\n

Subtitles Traditional Arabic Black (Size 12).<\/p>\n

Spacing between lines: only one space.<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00a0\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/strong>: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645<\/strong>: \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/strong>: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u060c \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>: \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a (A4).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 30 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 (22) \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0643\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0646 (200) \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 (300) \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 Traditional Arabic \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u062d\u062c\u0645 16).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 Traditional Arabic \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u062d\u062c\u0645 12) (\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 Traditional Arabic \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f (\u062d\u062c\u0645 18).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 Traditional Arabic \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f (\u062d\u062c\u0645 16).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0631: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a 58 (2001).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647: \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c 1\/120(1998).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 : et al.\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 : \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 109 (2004).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 – \u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a – \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0647\u062c\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 ( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 ):<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u062f. \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0629: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 (1413\u0647\u0640 1993\u0645).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0640\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0623.\u062f. \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062f. \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0633 (1418\u0647\u0640 \u060c 1998\u0645).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0640 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u062f. \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u062d\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 (( \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 ))\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 101\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a: \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c (2003).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u062c\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064a\u060c (( \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629)). \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 (1990).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631: \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0651\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0641\u064a: \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c 149. \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0637\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629: \u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 (2004).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064e\u062b\u0651\u0650\u0644 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0644\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0646\u064f\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Scroll down for Arabic…..\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d Review process of JIML The Journal of Islamic Management and Leadership (JIML) follows a rigorous peer review process to ensure the quality and rigor of the articles it publishes. The peer review process of JIE ensures that the articles published in the journal are of high quality and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":14,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-journal-template.php","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iimassociation.com\/journals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iimassociation.com\/journals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iimassociation.com\/journals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.iimassociation.com\/journals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.iimassociation.com\/journals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.iimassociation.com\/journals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/22\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.iimassociation.com\/journals\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}